Luther also uses this idea to describe the relationship of the church to the state. The biblical passages dealing with justice and retribution, therefore, are only in reference to the first kingdom. Īccording to the two kingdom doctrine, the spiritual kingdom, made up of true Christians, does not need the sword. In Lutheran theology Īugustine's model of the City of God was the foundation for Luther's doctrine, but Luther goes farther. This doctrine states that while people of the kingdom of this world use weapons to fight one another, those of the kingdom of Christ strive to follow Jesus. The two kingdoms doctrine is held in Anabaptist Christianity, which teaches that there exist two kingdoms on earth that do not share communion with one another. John Calvin significantly modified Martin Luther's original two kingdoms doctrine and certain neo-Calvinists have adopted a different view known as transformationalism. The doctrine is held by Lutherans and represents the view of some Calvinists. The two kingdoms doctrine is a Protestant Christian doctrine that teaches that God is the ruler of the whole world and that he rules in two ways.
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